Code refactoring is the process of restructuring existing computer codeâchanging the factoringâwithout changing its external behavior. Refactoring is intended to improve nonfunctional attributes of the software. Advantages include improved code readability and reduced complexity; these can improve source-codemaintainability and create a more expressive internal architecture or object model to improve extensibility.
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Typically, refactoring applies a series of standardised basic micro-refactorings, each of which is (usually) a tiny change in a computer program's source code that either preserves the behaviour of the software, or at least does not modify its conformance to functional requirements. Many development environments provide automated support for performing the mechanical aspects of these basic refactorings. If done well, code refactoring may help software developers discover and fix hidden or dormant bugs or vulnerabilities in the system by simplifying the underlying logic and eliminating unnecessary levels of complexity. If done poorly it may fail the requirement that external functionality not be changed, introduce new bugs, or both.
By continuously improving the design of code, we make it easier and easier to work with. This is in sharp contrast to what typically happens: little refactoring and a great deal of attention paid to expediently adding new features. If you get into the hygienic habit of refactoring continuously, you'll find that it is easier to extend and maintain code.
Motivation[edit]
âSoftware engineering is the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to obtain economically software that is reliable and work efficiently on real machines.â Software Evolution The process of developing a software product using software engineering principles and methods is referred to as Software Evolution. Imagix, tools to reverse engineer, understand, analyze, review and document source code. For C, C and Java. Auto tune efx rtas crack. Download trial version. Software reengineering, technically illustrates the process of modification to an existing system or a software application in order to make them more effective, efficient, and more responsive.
Refactoring is usually motivated by noticing a code smell.[2] For example, the method at hand may be very long, or it may be a near duplicate of another nearby method. Once recognized, such problems can be addressed by refactoring the source code, or transforming it into a new form that behaves the same as before but that no longer 'smells'.
https://yellowop639.weebly.com/adobe-cc-master-collection-free-download-mac.html. For a long routine, one or more smaller subroutines can be extracted; or for duplicate routines, the duplication can be removed and replaced with one shared function. Failure to perform refactoring can result in accumulating technical debt; on the other hand, refactoring is one of the primary means of repaying technical debt.[3]
Benefits[edit]
There are two general categories of benefits to the activity of refactoring.
Testing[edit]
Automatic unit tests should be set up before refactoring to ensure routines still behave as expected.[5] Unit tests can bring stability to even large refactors when performed with a single atomic commit. A common strategy to allow safe and atomic refactors spanning multiple projects is to store all projects in a single repository, known as monorepo.[6]
With unit testing in place, refactoring is then an iterative cycle of making a small program transformation, testing it to ensure correctness, and making another small transformation. If at any point a test fails, the last small change is undone and repeated in a different way. Through many small steps the program moves from where it was to where you want it to be. For this very iterative process to be practical, the tests must run very quickly, or the programmer would have to spend a large fraction of their time waiting for the tests to finish. Proponents of extreme programming and other agile software development describe this activity as an integral part of the software development cycle.
Techniques[edit]
Here are some examples of micro-refactorings; some of these may only apply to certain languages or language types. A longer list can be found in Martin Fowler's refactoring book[2][page needed] and website.[7] Many development environments provide automated support for these micro-refactorings. For instance, a programmer could click on the name of a variable and then select the 'Encapsulate field' refactoring from a context menu. The IDE would then prompt for additional details, typically with sensible defaults and a preview of the code changes. After confirmation by the programmer it would carry out the required changes throughout the code.
Hardware refactoring[edit]
While the term refactoring originally referred exclusively to refactoring of software code, in recent years code written in hardware description languages (HDLs) has also been refactored. The term hardware refactoring is used as a shorthand term for refactoring of code in hardware description languages. Since HDLs are not considered to be programming languages by most hardware engineers,[11] hardware refactoring is to be considered a separate field from traditional code refactoring.
Automated refactoring of analog hardware descriptions (in VHDL-AMS) has been proposed by Zeng and Huss.[12]Simcity 2000 mac os download. In their approach, refactoring preserves the simulated behavior of a hardware design. The non-functional measurement that improves is that refactored code can be processed by standard synthesis tools, while the original code cannot.Refactoring of digital HDLs, albeit manual refactoring, has also been investigated by Synopsysfellow Mike Keating.[13][14] His target is to make complex systems easier to understand, which increases the designers' productivity.
History[edit]
Although refactoring code has been done informally for decades, William Griswold's 1991 Ph.D. dissertation[15] is one of the first major academic works on refactoring functional and procedural programs, followed by William Opdyke's 1992 dissertation[16] on the refactoring of object-oriented programs,[17] although all the theory and machinery have long been available as program transformation systems. All of these resources provide a catalog of common methods for refactoring; a refactoring method has a description of how to apply the method and indicators for when you should (or should not) apply the method.
Martin Fowler's book Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code[2] is the canonical reference.[according to whom?]
The first known use of the term 'refactoring' in the published literature was in a September, 1990 article by William Opdyke and Ralph Johnson.[18]Griswold's Ph.D. thesis,[15]Opdyke's Ph.D. thesis,[16] published in 1992, also used this term.[17]
Adobe illustrator cs5 download torrent mac. The term 'factoring' has been used in the Forth community since at least the early 1980s. Chapter Six of Leo Brodie's book Thinking Forth (1984) is dedicated to the subject.
In extreme programming, the Extract Method refactoring technique has essentially the same meaning as factoring in Forth; to break down a 'word' (or function) into smaller, more easily maintained functions.
Refactorings can also be reconstructed[19] posthoc to produce concise descriptions of complex software changes recorded in software repositories like CVS or SVN.
Automated code refactoring[edit]Software Reengineering Tools Download
Many software editors and IDEs have automated refactoring support. It is possible to refactor application code as well as test code.[20] Here is a list of a few of these editors, or so-called refactoring browsers.
See also[edit]References[edit]
![]() Further reading[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Code_refactoring&oldid=915011213'
GXL (Graph eXchange Language) is designed to be a standard exchange format for graphs. GXL is an extensible markup language (XML) sublanguage and the syntax is given by an XML document type definition (DTD). This exchange format offers an adaptable and flexible means to support interoperability between graph-based tools.
Overview[edit]
In particular, GXL was developed to enable interoperability between software reengineering tools and components, such as code extractors (parsers), analyzers and visualizers. GXL allows software reengineers to combine single-purpose tools especially for parsing, source code extraction, architecture recovery, data flow analysis, pointer analysis, program slicing, query techniques, source code visualization, object recovery, restructuring, refactoring, remodularization, etc., into a single powerful reengineering workbench.
There are two innovative features in GXL that make it well-suited to an exchange format for software data.
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Since GXL is a general graph exchange format, it can also be used to interchange any graph-based data, including models between computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools, data between graph transformation systems, or graph visualization tools. GXL includes support for hypergraphs and hierarchical graphs, and can be extended to support other types of graphs.
Software Reengineering Tools
Photoshop elements 13 trial download mac. GXL originated in the merger of GRAph eXchange format (GraX: University of Koblenz, DE) for exchanging typed, attributed, ordered, directed graphs (TGraphs), Tuple Attribute Language (TA: University of Waterloo, CA), and the graph format of the PROGRES graph rewriting system (University Bw München, DE). Furthermore, GXL includes ideas from exchange formats from reverse engineering, including Relation Partition Algebra (RPA: Philips Research Eindhoven, NL) and Rigi Standard Format (RSF: University of Victoria, CA). The development of GXL was also influenced by various formats used in graph drawing (e.g. daVinci, Graph Modelling Language (GML), Graphlet, GraphXML) and current discussions on exchange formats for graph transformation systems.
Presentations of former GXL versions[edit]
At the 2000 International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2000) Workshop on Standard Exchange Formats (WoSEF), GXL was accepted as working draft for an exchange format by numerous research groups working in the domain of software reengineering and graph transformation.
Business Process Reengineering Software Tools
During the APPLIGRAPH Subgroup Meeting on Exchange Formats for Graph Transformation, an overview of GXL was given [Schürr, 2000] and participants decided to use GXL to represent graphs within their exchange format for graph transformation systems (GTXL).
The 2000 IBM Centers for Advanced Studies Conference (CASCON 2000) included two half-day workshops on GXL. In the morning, 'Software Data Interchange with GXL: Introduction and Tutorial' gave a primer on the syntax and concepts in the format, while the afternoon workshop, 'Software Data Interchange with GXL: Implementation Issues' discussed the development of converters and standard schemas.
At the Seventh Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE 2000), GXL was presented in a tutorial [Holt et al., 2000] and during the workshop on exchange formats [Holt/Winter, 2000]. Central results were a simpler representation of ordering information, the usage of UML class diagrams to present graph schemata and the representation of UML class diagrams by GXL graphs.
The Dagstuhl Seminar on Interoperability of Reengineering Tools ratified GXL 1.0 as a standard interchange format for exchanging reengineering related data. Numerous groups from industry and research committed to using GXL, to import and export GXL documents to their tools, and to write various GXL tools.
Reverse EngineeringGXL Partners[edit]
During various conferences and workshops the following groups from industry and academics committed to refining GXL to be the standard graph exchange format, write GXL filters and tools or use GXL as exchange format in their tools:
Re-engineering Software Tools
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GXL&oldid=831513898'
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